The Intellectual Journal of Science and Engineering Practices, ISSN XXXX-XXXX, publishes advanced theories and practices on science and engineering technologies. Science and engineering practices are the core skills and behaviors scientists and engineers use to investigate the natural world and design solutions. The disciplinary knowledge embeds and informs these practices, which are not separate from the content of science and engineering. The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) identify eight key science and engineering practices. Here's a more detailed look:
1. Asking Questions (for science) and Defining Problems (for engineering): Science begins with a question about a phenomenon, while engineering begins with a problem to solve. These questions and problems are crucial for guiding research and problem-solving.
2. Developing and Using Models: Science and engineering often involve creating models to represent complex systems or phenomena. These models can be physical, conceptual, or mathematical and are used to explore, test, and communicate ideas.
3. Planning and Carrying Out Investigations: Scientists and engineers plan and conduct investigations to gather evidence and test hypotheses or design solutions. This involves designing experiments, collecting data, and making observations.
4. Analyzing and Interpreting Data: Data analysis is a critical step in both science and engineering, allowing scientists and engineers to draw meaningful conclusions from their investigations.
5. Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking: Mathematical and computational tools are essential for representing variables, making predictions, and analyzing data.
6. Constructing Explanations (for science) and Designing Solutions (for engineering): Science aims to construct explanations for natural phenomena, while engineering aims to design solutions to specific problems.
7. Engaging in Argument from Evidence: In science, reasoning and argument are essential for evaluating claims and finding the best explanations. In engineering, arguments from evidence are used to justify design choices.
8. Obtaining, Evaluating, and Communicating Information: Scientists and engineers need to be able to gather information from various sources, evaluate its reliability, and communicate their findings effectively.